Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among Califor Essays (856 words)

Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among Califor Essays (856 words) Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among California Adolescents Hiral Patel PSY 101-600 Professor Elizabeth Lavertu 2/20/11 Obesity is a common problem in our society. A few researchers decided to study this matter further and compare obesity rates among low-income families and high-income families. In "Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among California Adolescents," four authors: Susan H. Babey, Theresa A. Hastert, Joelle Wolstein, and Allsion L. Diamant, describe the entire process of the study: The researchers wanted to prove that income levels affect obesity in adolescents. Adolescents who come from low-income families are more likely to be obese than adolescents who come from high-income families. This study also included gender to see if males or females were more apt to become obese as a factor of income. The variables that were involved with the experiment were: weight, income level, gender and race. The research looked at the income levels as well as the weight/Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants. Among the participants in the study, weight and income level changed. Therefore, weight and income level are known as independent variables. The dependent variables were gender, race, and obesity. Obesity amongst females in the low-income groups was not different from the females of the high-income group. Obesity rates were based on the charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Also, poverty and family income levels were judged based on the federal poverty rate. Three samples were used throughout this research. The first part of the sample was finding the participants. The second part of the sample was finding the people that would be interviewed. The third and last part of the sample was stating the facts about the study. The study was done in five languages and took place over four years. There was one sample group that was made from a sample population. Since the study was random, researchers were able to get a sample fraction of the participants of the study. The methods employed in the study would be the steps on how the researchers selected the participants. Logistic regression was used in this study, and income level had changed. A survey is a method in which researchers ask participants questions. When they put the answers together, they can see the trends. In this case, the California Health Interview Survey asked numerous health questions of a certain number of people between specific ages. The researchers in charge of this project were able to find out how many teenagers or young adults were obese. They were also capable of seeing where the teenagers or young adults resided, as well as the income levels of the families of the teenagers or young adults. Some types of information were requested, whereas other types of information were reported. For instance, if the survey asked about the race of each participant, the researcher was able to tell if more African-American, white, or Hispanic teenagers were obese. On page 3 of the docume nt, it shows that the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) was a telephone survey of homes around the state. It was designed to represent all kinds of people. CHIS interviews were done in several languages. Teenagers were asked specific information that the reader is able to find in the documented article. That information was used to decide if the teenager was obese by standards set up by an institution. The study had numerous results. The demographic information stated who exactly was studied, including how long the survey took place, the average age of participants, gender and races. Also, there was a small increase in the obesity rates in California in the years during the study. For instance, the obesity rate for the low-income group between 2001 and 2007 almost doubled. Males were more likely to be obese than females. Asian adolescents were the least likely to be obese. The connection with males and lower-income levels was significant. In conclusion, the hypothesis was proven. The article proves that obesity is related to economic status. However, there could have been more correlations between gender and income levels. The research was done in California. Thus, to make the study more inclusive, the research could have been conducted in diverse places. The study could have been improved if the researchers had

When To Use or Omit Subject Pronouns in Spanish

When To Use or Omit Subject Pronouns in Spanish Subject pronouns in Spanish are a lot like medicine - theyre often essential, but their use should be avoided when theyre not necessary. Overuse of subject pronouns - the equivalent of words such as he, she and they - is common among English speakers learning Spanish. Its important to remember that in Spanish the verb forms often make subject pronouns unnecessary, and when thats the case the pronouns shouldnt be used unless theres a reason to. When To Not Use Subject Pronouns Here is a sampling of sentences where pronouns are unnecessary. In all these examples, the context or verb forms make clear who is performing the action of the verb. Voy al supermercado. I am going to the supermarket. (The verb voy can refer only to the person speaking.) ¿Adà ³nde vas? Where are you going? (The verb vas necessarily refers to the person being spoken to.)Roberto no est en casa.  ¿Fue al supermercado? Roberto isnt at home. Did he go to the supermarket? (Standing alone, the second sentence might be unclear about who the subject is. But in context, it is obvious that Roberto is being referred to.)Nieva. It is snowing. (Nevar, the verb for to snow, is used only  in the third-person singular form and doesnt need an accompanying subject.) What Are the Subject Pronouns? Of course, not all sentences will be as clear as those are without explicit reference to the subject. Here are the subject pronouns in Spanish with their English equivalents: yo - Ità º - you (informal or familiar singular)usted - you (formal singular)à ©l, ella - he, shenosotros, nosotras - we (the first form refers to a group of males or males and females, while the second form refers to females only)vosotros, vosotras - you (informal or familiar plural; the first form refers to a group of males or males and females, while the second form refers to females only; this pronoun is seldom used in most parts of Latin America)ustedes - you (formal plural)ellos, ellas - they (the first form refers to a group of males or males and females, while the second form refers to females only) See the lesson on tà º and usted for distinguishing which form of you should be used. Note that there is no pronoun listed for it as a subject; in sentences where wed use the subject it in English, the use of the third-person verb nearly always makes a pronoun unnecessary. When To Use Subject Pronouns To avoid ambiguity: Context doesnt always make clear who the subject is, and some verb forms are ambiguous. Yo tenà ­a un coche. (I had a car. Out of context, tenà ­a could mean I had, you had, he had or she had. If the context makes the subjects clear, the pronouns normally wouldnt be used.) Juan y Marà ­a son alumnos. Él estudia mucho.  (John and Mary are students. He studies a lot. Without the pronoun, it is impossible to tell whom the second sentence refers to.) For emphasis: In English, unlike Spanish, we often use verbal stress to emphasize a pronoun. For example, if a strong emphasis is placed on the I in I am going to the supermarket, the understood meaning of the sentence might be I (and not somebody else) am going to the supermarket or possibly I am going to the supermarket (and Im proud of myself). In Spanish, one could similarly add an emphasis by using the grammatically unnecessary pronoun: Yo voy al supermercado. Similarly, haz tà º lo que tà º quieres could be understood as you do what you want (and see if I care). Change of subject: When contrasting two subjects, the pronouns are frequently used. Yo estudio y à ©l escucha el està ©reo. Im studying and hes listening to the stereo. Nosotros somos pobres, pero à ©l es rico. (Were poor, but hes rich.) Note that in English you might use intonation - putting stress on were and hes - to add emphasis. But such stress in Spanish would be unnecessary, as using the pronouns takes care of adding the emphasis. Usted and ustedes: Even where not strictly necessary, usted and ustedes are sometimes included and can add a degree of politeness.  ¿Cà ³mo est (usted)? How are you? Espero que (ustedes) vayan al cine. I hope you are going to the movies.

Homework for Eco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework for Eco - Essay Example It is only through capital investment and not capital consumption that growth can be experienced in the economy (Callum). In the Chinese and Middle East context, Faber notes that the Chinese economy is a growing economy due to its investment and increased production rather than consumption. Additionally, China exports to the developing and emerging economies totally by passing the old world order. However, its overdependence on the raw materials such as oils from the Middle East could be an undoing in the future. Middle East is known for its instability and therefore the overdependence on their oil for production could greatly affect the economy (Callum). The approach reduces the moral hazard by ensuring that the creditors do not experience losses. This is due to the fact that losses on the creditors’ side have more detrimental effect on the institution than the loss of Equity by the institution. Creditors impact more on the company than the equity holders. The Creditors can easily cause more losses in case they themselves incur losses. It is ideal than a rescue that protects both creditors and equity holders (Mark). This approach eliminates the problem completely due to the fact the owner who has all the liberty to invest on behalf of the creditor and who has access to more information acts responsibly. This is due to the fact the owner incurs charges and possible losses in case of poor investment options. Senator Lincoln proposed that the commercial banks be forbidden to trade derivative securities in 2010. This is with the intent of preventing the banks from using the cheap deposits to subsidize risky derivative businesses. The proposal also prevents banks from using emergency banking facilities. This proposal encourages financial intermediaries to divest their derivatives by forbidding the government from giving these banks assistants such as tax breaks (Yves). Despite the fact the

Stock Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stock Markets - Essay Example Hypothesis being the Greek word for "assumption", the Efficient Markets Hypothesis therefore assumes that capital markets, of which the stock or equity market is one, is efficient. And what we mean when we say that a market is efficient is that buyers and sellers of stocks have all the relevant information they need to make an intelligent decision to either buy or sell stocks in companies at a certain price that reflects all available information. The first to propose the hypothesis is Eugene Fama of the University of Chicago in a paper (1970) where he presented a method of testing the efficiency of the New York Stock Exchange. Since then, hundreds of studies have been conducted to either prove or disprove the hypothesis. Since we know that in science, a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory, the fact that the efficiency of markets remains a hypothesis begs the question: why Do test results thus far show that capital markets are inefficient because scientific investigation has not proven otherwise Or, if capital markets are efficient, and stock prices reflect all available information, then why is the trade on mere pieces of paper (called stocks) growing Is it a case of altruistic holders of stocks, seeing the potential for future earnings, selling these stocks to others in order to share the wealth Or are all sellers of stocks just looking for another fool to unload a worthless piece of paper And why do people still make (and lose) money in the stock market And if capital markets are efficient, are all investing decisions intelligent and based on complete information As we will show, capital market efficiency does not necessarily mean an increase in the intelligence quotient of all investors. Power of Information in Capital Markets Today Capital markets have the advantage of getting buyers and sellers to agree on a deal without the use of financial intermediaries like banks and insurance companies who direct the flow of resources from savers to borrowers. Capital market transactions are therefore deemed more efficient in the absence of intermediaries except for brokers who put buyers and sellers together and get a small commission for the effort, making the deal almost frictionless. This is one factor that leads to our hypothesis: the low transaction costs of capital markets enhance its efficiency. With transaction costs negligible, the only real factor that determines the current price of a stock should be the net present value of its future cash flows in the form of dividends and, assuming the company lasts long enough, capital gains when the stock is sold at a future date. After all, a stock is nothing else but a claim to a company's future cash flows. A company's cash flow is affected by several factors, among which are its business prospects, management quality and strategic plans, the economy's over-all performance, and the company's standing within the economy. If all these pieces of information are known, making a study of free

Religious Cults - A Threat to Society? Essay -- essays papers

Religious Cults - A Threat to Society? On November 18, 1978, in a cleared-out patch of the Guyanese jungle, Reverend Jim Jones ordered the 911 members of his flock to kill themselves by drinking a cyanide potion, and they did. It seems cultists were brainwashed by this megalomaniac Jones, who had named their jungle village after himself and held them as virtual slaves, if not living zombies. Jones himself was found dead. He'd shot himself in the head, or someone else had shot him. Is it plausible that more than nine hundred people took their own lives willingly, simply because he told them to? This paper will examine aspects of certain religious groups around the world that have shocked us with similar types of behavior. Most of these groups have been categorized into what we refer to as cults. While most of these new religious groups are extremely passive in their methodology, it is my objective to look at those that have gone outside the boundaries of our norms and done such things as mass suicide and acts of terrorism. I will try to understand how the leaders of these groups are able to persuade members to give up all of their possessions and in some cases their lives. What causes people to remove themselves from their jobs, and families? A cult is any group of people who surround themselves around a strong authority figure. Cults, like many other groups, attempt to expand their influence for the purposes of power or money. However, to achieve these ends, destructive cults employ a potent mixture of influence and deception over members and new recruits. Using methods such as brainwashing, thought reform, and mind control. A successful conversion into a destructive cult removes a person's former identity and replaces it with a new one. This is where the new member accepts all of the beliefs of his new group and a new identity is created. However once a member of the group, any deviation from the cult leader's teachings is strictly forbidden. Individuality is suppressed, and subject to fear and suspicion of everyone around in the group. What could cause people to join such groups when it is common knowledge that these groups are known to go against the norms of our society? Many of those who study these groups say that people tend to be more susceptible to manipulation in times of major change and crisis. During the 1960s there was an explos... ... is often which is defined as direct contact with the divine, generating a sense of belonging to something profound and of being a somebody. The modern cult may be viewed as a group that gives its members an identity and a sense of meaning in a world that has somehow failed to provide them these things. With over 3000 destructive cults in the U.S. claiming over 4 million members, it seems that there may only be more trouble to come with these new religious organizations popping up almost out of nowhere. Their leaders seem to pray on the vulnerable and lonely. Perhaps causing them to behave in a manner that would not be in their normal behavior. I am not suggesting that all of these religious groups are threat to our society. In fact I believe that these self-help groups are an asset to the people that they help. However trouble arises when the leaders of these groups lose control, demanding complete and total obedience. It is quite evident that one person's cult may be another person's religion, and history has proven that yesterday's fringe group may be tomorrow’s mainstream religion. All of our popular religious groups once started as out as a cult at one time or another.

Overview of Information Systems and Technology Essay

Corporations rely heavily on their internal business systems. These business systems consist of departments such as finance and accounting, human resource, legal, sales/marketing, and operations. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. contains all the necessary business systems to operate for day to day activities. Riordan, a manufacturing company HRIS system is dated back in 1992 and as part of the financial system, it tracks the employee information such as pay rate, hire date, personal tax exemption purposes, seniority date, vacation hours for none exempted employees, organizational information such as manager’s name and department for budget purposes, and personal information with inclusion of addresses, birth dates and names. The company’s HRIS system was installed in 1992. It is a part of the financial systems package and keeps track of the following employee information: †¢Personal information (such as name, address, marital status, birth date, etc.) †¢Pay rate †¢Personal exemptions for tax purposes †¢Hire date †¢Seniority date (which is sometimes different than the hire date) †¢Organizational information (department for budget purposes, manager’s name, etc.) †¢Vacation hours (for non-exempt employees) Changes to this information are submitted in writing (on special forms) by the employee’s manager and are entered into the system by the payroll clerk. Training and development records are kept in an Excel worksheet by the training and development specialist. Each recruiter maintains applicant information for open positions. Rà ©sumà ©s are filed in a central storage area, and an Excel spreadsheet is used to track the status of applicants. Workers’ compensation is managed by a third-party provider, which keeps its own records. Employee files are kept by individual managers; there is no central employee file area. Managers are also responsible for tracking FMLA absences and any requests for accommodation under the ADA. The compensation manager keeps an Excel spreadsheet with the results of job analyses, salary surveys and individual compensation decisions. Employee relations specialists track information about complaints, grievances, harassment complaints, etc. in  locked files in their offices.

-E_ER - French Stem-Changing Verbs Examples